The first layers of the OSI model include functions of the physical, data link, and network layers. The engineering department of the EIA issued the EIA-232 interface standard in the United States in 1969. EIA-232 was particularly developed for interfacing data terminals to modems. The EIA-232 interface standard was developed for interfacing data terminal equipment (DTE) and data circuit terminating equipment (DCE) (earlier called as Data Communication Equipment) employing serial binary data interchange. This book uses the common notation of “RS232.”
This standard, developed by the Electronic Industry Association and the Telecommunications Industry Association (EIA/TIA), is more popularly referred to simply as “RS232” where “RS” stands for “recommended standard.” In recent years, this suffix has been replaced with “EIA/TIA” to help identify the source of the standard. EIA/TIA-232-E specification is the most popular serial communications standard. Serial communications is used extensively within the electronics industry due to its relative simplicity and low hardware overhead (as compared to parallel interfacing). Reddy, in Industrial Process Automation Systems, 2015 9.1 RS232 overview
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