By the late 1970s, Ballard had spent more time in deep-sea submersibles than almost any other human. He went to college to become an oceanographer-a scientist who studies the sea. But Ballard was more interested in what was happening underneath the waves. One of them was Robert Ballard.Īs Ballard was growing up in Southern California, his friends loved to surf. Their achievement inspired a new generation of undersea explorers. They didn’t see much, but their submersible withstood the water pressure and the men made it back to the surface alive. They descended 7 miles down into the murky blackness. Then, in 1960, two researchers in a submersible-a tiny, submarine-like vehicle called the Trieste-reached the deepest known part of the ocean on Earth, a region in the Pacific Ocean known as Challenger Deep. The most important was a technology called sonar, which uses sound waves to create images of objects underwater. In the following decades, new inventions slowly opened the deep sea to exploration.
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